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The Kilo class is the NATO reporting name for a naval diesel-electric submarine that is made in Russia. The original version of the vessels were designated Project 877 Paltus (Halibut) in Russia. There is also a more advanced version, designated as Improved Kilo in the west, and Project 636 Varshavyanka in Russia.The Kilo class was to have been succeeded by the Lada class. In November 2011 the Russian Navy announced that the Lada class will not enter service because trials with the lead boat of the new class, Sankt Peterburg (B-585) had shown major deficiencies. Construction of two further boats has been suspended.[1]
The boats are mainly intended for anti-shipping and anti-submarine operations in relatively shallow waters. Original Project 877 boats are equipped with Rubikon MGK-400 sonar system (with NATO reporting name Shark Gill), which includes a mine detection and avoidance sonar MG-519 Arfa (with NATO reporting name Mouse Roar). Newer Project 636 boats are equipped with improved MGK-400EM, with MG-519 Afra also upgraded to MG-519EM. The improved sonar systems have reduced the number of operators needed by sharing the same console via automation.
Anechoic tiles are fitted on casings and fins to absorb the sound waves of active sonar, which results in a reduction and distortion of the return signal.[2] These tiles also help attenuate sounds that are emitted from the submarine, thus reducing the range by which the sub may be detected by passive sonar.[3]
One Kilo class submarine B-871 was equipped with pump-jet propulsion.[4][5]
Specifications
- Displacement:
- 2,300–2,350 tons surfaced
- 3,000–4,000 tons submerged
- Dimensions:
- Length: 70–74 meters
- Beam: 9.9 meters
- Draft: 6.2–6.5 meters
- Maximum speed
- 10–12 knots surfaced
- 17–25 knots submerged
- Propulsion: Diesel-electric 5,900 shp (4,400 kW)
- Maximum depth: 300 meters (240–250 meters operational)
- Endurance
- 400 nautical miles (700 km) at 3 knots (6 km/h) submerged
- 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km) at 7 knots (13 km/h) snorkeling (7,500 miles for the Improved Kilo class)
- 45 days sea endurance
- Armament
- Air defence: 8 SA-N-8 Gremlin or SA-N-10 Gimlet[38] surface-to-air missiles (export submarines may not be equipped with air defense weapons)
- Six 533 mm torpedo tubes with 18 53-65 ASuW or TEST 71/76 ASW torpedoes or VA-111 Shkval supercavitating "underwater missiles", or 24 DM-1 mines,
- Club S anti-ship missiles (only on some export versions)
- Crew: 52
- Price per unit is US$200–250 million (China paid approx. US$1.5-2 billion for 8 Project 636 Kilo class submarines)
See also
- Amur-class submarine
- S1000 submarine class
- Russian submarine Losharik
- Patrick Robinson – author of the novels Nimitz Class and Kilo Class; both describe hypothetical situations involving Kilo class submarines, though lacking credible detail[citation needed]. The Kilo is portrayed in many of Robinson's other novels, where the ships' stealth may be overemphasized
 An Iranian Kilo-class submarine, the #Yunes |
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| Class overview | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Builders: |
Central Design Bureau for Marine Engineering “Rubin” Shipyard 199 "Krasnoe Sormovo", Nizhniy Novgorod (Gorkiy) Shipyard 112,"imeni Leninskogo Komsomola", Komsoloľsk na Amure Shipyard "Leningradskoe Admiralteyskoe Obedinenie" (Admiralteyskie Verfi), Saint Petersburg (Leningrad) Shipyard "Severnoe Mašinostroiteľnoe Predprijatie", Severodvinsk |
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| Operators: |  Soviet Navy Russian Navy People's Liberation Army Navy Indian Navy Islamic Republic of Iran Navy Polish Navy Romanian Naval Forces Algerian National Navy Vietnamese People's Navy |
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| Preceded by: | Tango-class submarine | ||||||||
| Succeeded by: | Lada-class submarine | ||||||||
| In commission: | April 1982 | ||||||||
| Building: | 7 | ||||||||
| Completed: | 57 | ||||||||
| Active: | 47 | ||||||||
| Lost: | 1 | ||||||||
| Retired: | 2 | ||||||||
| General characteristics | |||||||||
| Displacement: | Surfaced: 2,300–2,350 tons Submerged:3,000-3,950 tons full load |
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| Length: | 70.0–74.0 m | ||||||||
| Beam: | 9.9 m | ||||||||
| Draft: | 6.5 m | ||||||||
| Depth of hold: | Operational: 240 meters Maximum: 300 meters |
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| Installed power: | Diesel-electric | ||||||||
| Propulsion: | Diesel-electric propulsion 2 x 1000 kW Diesel generators 1 x 5,500–6,800 shp Propulsion motor 1 x fixed-pitch 6 or 7 bladed Propeller (6BL project 877) (7BL project 636) |
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| Speed: | Surfaced: 10–12 knots Submerged: 17–25 knots |
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| Range: | With snorkel: 6,000–7,500 miles at 7 knots Submerged: 400 miles at 3 knots Full run: 12.7 miles at 21 knots |
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| Endurance: | 45 days | ||||||||
| Test depth: | 300 m | ||||||||
| Complement: | 52 | ||||||||
| Armament: | 6/533 mm torpedo tubes 18 torpedoes Club S anti-ship missiles (only on some export versions) 24 mines 8 SA-N-8 Gremlin or 8 SA-N-10 Gimlet Surface-to-air missiles (export submarines may not be equipped with air defense weapons) | ||||||||
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