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By species
Dogs
See also: Canine reproduction
In order to collect semen from a male dog, an artificial vagina is prepared,[6][7] which is a conical thin latex sleeve ending in a sterile collection tube. The inside of the latex sleeve is lightly lubricated.[8]
The male is allowed to sniff a female in estrus. Experienced studs
cooperate readily in the process. New studs often require encouragement
in the form of manual stimulation,[4][9] also known as "manual ejaculation".[10][11] Generally the male will mount the female[not in citation given], and the collector quickly directs the male dog's penis into the latex sleeve. The male ejaculates and the semen is collected in the tube. The semen is then drawn up into a long thin pipette.[3][10]
Prior to ejaculation, the penis is massaged inside its sheath. It is
then extruded from its sheath, and the collector massages the dog's
erect penis near the base of the bulbus glandis using the thumb and index finger. The dog begins pelvic thrusting movements at the onset of ejaculation.[12]Humans
Methods of semen collection from humans include:- Masturbation, directing the sample into a clean cup.[13] This is the most common way to collect a semen sample.[13]
- Sexual intercourse in a special type of condom known as a collection condom.[13] Collection condoms are made from silicone or polyurethane, as latex is somewhat harmful to sperm. Many men prefer collection condoms to masturbation, and some religions prohibit masturbation entirely. Adherents of religions that prohibit contraception may use collection condoms with holes pricked in them.[14] However, such samples are inferior to the ones collected by masturbation in clean cup.[15]
- Coitus interruptus (withdrawal). With this technique, the man removes his penis from his partner near the end of intercourse and ejaculates into a wide-necked cup or bottle.[13][15]
- Surgical extraction, if for example a blockage in the vas deferens is suspected to impede fertility, semen can be taken directly from the epididymis. Such a collection is called per cutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA). Alternatively, the testicular tissue itself, instead of the sperm produced can be investigated. Then, the collecting method is called testicular sperm extraction (TESE).[16]
- Penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) and electroejaculation are two other alternatives for men with anejaculation due to spinal cord injury.[17] The penile vibratory stimulator is a plier-like device that is placed around the glans penis to stimulate it by vibration, and provides the first-line method for sperm retrieval in spinal cord injury patients with anejaculation.[17]
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